Roads, railways, pipelines and cables run for kilometres across land owned by many people, under rivers and roads, past protected sites and existing networks. That is GIS territory. BIM covers the structures along the way; GIS holds the corridor they sit in.
A building sits on one site with one owner. A railway, a road or a pipeline runs for kilometres through fields, towns, rivers and protected land, past and under networks that belong to other companies. Most of what decides where it can go is managed in GIS by somebody else.
The two meet in three places: the alignment (the line everything is measured along), the coordinate reference system (shared by both) and identifiers (so a structure in the model is the same thing as a feature on the map).
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