When a utility or rail project finishes, the owner doesn't want a model: it wants its network updated in its own GIS, with the right attributes, connected correctly, in its coordinate system, so that operators can find, maintain and isolate every asset.
A building's operator gets an asset register and a model. A water company, an electricity network or a railway gets something different: its own GIS, which already holds thousands of kilometres of network, updated with what was built. The handover is a data load into the owner's system, and it either fits or it doesn't.
The model holds the design and construction detail; the GIS needs a simpler, connected picture. A good handover maps each modelled element type to a GIS feature type, carries the agreed attributes, and adds connectivity and survey metadata the model may not hold. Test it with one section of the network months before completion, in the owner's real system.
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